Extreme weather events are unusual, severe, or unseasonal weather that fall outside of a location's historical weather distribution. They are defined as being in the most unusual 10% of a probability density function. Extreme weather events can have devastating effects on communities, ecosystems, and can cause economic costs, loss of life, droughts, floods, and landslides.
Translation
Here is the paragraph above translated into 50 languages:
Afrikaans: Ekstreme weerstoestande is ongewone, ernstige of onseisoenale weer wat buite 'n ligging se historiese weerverdeling val. Hulle word gedefinieer as in die mees ongewone 10% van 'n waarskynlikheidsdigheidsfunksie. Ekstreme weerstoestande kan verwoestende gevolge hê vir gemeenskappe, ekosisteme en kan ekonomiese kostes, lewensverliese, droogtes, vloede en grondverskuiwings veroorsaak.
Albanian: Ngjarjet e motit ekstrem janë të pazakonta, të rënda ose jashtësezonale që bien jashtë shpërndarjes historike të motit të një vendndodhje. Ata përcaktohen si të qenët në 10% më të pazakontë të një funksioni të dendësisë së probabilitetit. Ngjarjet e motit ekstrem mund të kenë efekte shkatërruese në komunitete, ekosisteme dhe mund të shkaktojnë kosto ekonomike, humbje jete, thatësira, përmbytje dhe rrëshqitje të tokës.
Arabic: تُعتبر أحداث الطقس القاسي غير عادية أو شديدة أو غير موسمية تقع خارج توزيع الطقس التاريخي لموقع معين. يتم تعريفها على أنها تقع في 10٪ الأكثر غرابة من دالة كثافة الاحتمال. يمكن أن يكون لأحداث الطقس القاسي آثار مدمرة على المجتمعات والنظم البيئية، وقد تتسبب في تكاليف اقتصادية وفقدان الأرواح والجفاف والفيضانات والانهيارات الأرضية.
Armenian: Էքստրեմալ եղանակային իրադարձությունները անսովոր, ծանր կամ անսեզոնային եղանակ են, որոնք դուրս են գալիս տեղի պատմական եղանակի բաշխումից: Դրանք սահմանվում են որպես հավանականության խտության ֆունկցիայի ամենաանսովոր 10%-ը: Էքստրեմալ եղանակային իրադարձությունները կարող են ավերիչ ազդեցություն ունենալ համայնքների, էկոհամակարգերի վրա և կարող են առաջացնել տնտեսական ծախսեր, մահվան դեպքեր, երաշտ, ջրհեղեղներ և սողանքներ:
Azerbaijani: Aşırı hava hadisələri qeyri-adi, ağır və ya mövsümdən kənar hava şəraiti olub, müəyyən ərazinin tarixi hava paylanmasından kənara çıxır. Onlar ehtimal sıxlığı funksiyasının ən qeyri-adi 10%-i kimi müəyyən edilir. Aşırı hava hadisələri icmalara, ekosistemlərlə və iqtisadi xərclərə, həyat itkisinə, quraqlığa, daşqınlara və torpaq sürüşmələrinə dağıdıcı təsir göstərə bilər.
Basque: Muturreko fenomeno meteorologikoak ohikoak ez diren, larriak edo urtarokoak dira, kokapen baten historikoki ohikoa ez den eguraldi-banaketa baten kanpokoak. Probabilitate-dentsitate-funtzio baten %10 gehien ohikoak ez direnen barruan daudela definitzen dira. Muturreko fenomeno meteorologikoek eragin suntsitzaileak izan ditzakete komunitateengan, ekosistemengan, eta kostu ekonomikoak, heriotza-kopuruak, lehorte, uholdeak eta lur-jausiak eragin ditzakete.
Belarusian: Экстрэмальныя пагодныя падзеі з'яўляюцца незвычайнымі, цяжкімі або пазасезоннымі надвор'ем, якія выпадаюць за межы гістарычнага размеркавання надвор'я пэўнага месца. Яны вызначаюцца як знаходзячыяся ў 10% найбольш незвычайных функцый шчыльнасці верагоднасці. Экстрэмальныя пагодныя падзеі могуць мець разбуральныя наступствы для супольнасцяў, экасістэм і могуць прывесці да эканамічных выдаткаў, страты жыцця, засух, паводак і абвалаў.
Bengali: চরম আবহাওয়ার ঘটনাগুলি অস্বাভাবিক, গুরুতর বা অসময়ের আবহাওয়া যা কোনও অবস্থানের ঐতিহাসিক আবহাওয়ার বিতরণের বাইরে পড়ে। তারা একটি সম্ভাবনা ঘনত্ব ফাংশনের সবচেয়ে অস্বাভাবিক 10% এ অবস্থিত বলে সংজ্ঞায়িত করা হয়। চরম আবহাওয়ার ঘটনাগুলি সম্প্রদায়, পারিস্থিতিক তন্ত্র এবং অর্থনৈতিক ব্যয়, জীবন হারানো, শুষ্কতা, বন্যা এবং ভূমিস্খলন সৃষ্টি করতে পারে।
Bosnian: Ekstremni vremenski događaji su neuobičajene, ozbiljne ili vansezonske vremenske prilike koje izlaze iz povijesne distribucije vremena određene lokacije. Definiraju se kao oni koji se nalaze u 10% najneobičnijih funkcija gustoće vjerojatnosti. Ekstremni vremenski događaji mogu imati razarajuće učinke na zajednice, ekosustave i mogu uzrokovati ekonomske troškove, gubitak života, suše, poplave i klizišta.
Bulgarian: Екстремните метеорологични събития са необичайни, тежки или несезонни метеорологични условия, които излизат извън историческото разпределение на времето на дадено местоположение. Те се определят като намиращи се в най-необичайните 10% на функция на плътността на вероятността. Екстремните метеорологични събития могат да имат опустошителни последици за общностите, екосистемите и могат да причинят икономически разходи, загуба на човешки животи, суши, наводнения и свлачища.
Catalan: Els fenòmens meteorològics extrems són condicions climàtiques inusuals, greus o fora de temporada que queden fora de la distribució meteorològica històrica d'una ubicació. Es defineixen com a estar en el 10% més inusual d'una funció de densitat de probabilitat. Els fenòmens meteorològics extrems poden tenir efectes devastadors en les comunitats, els ecosistemes i poden causar costos econòmics, pèrdua de vides, sequeres, inundacions i esllavissades.
Chinese (Simplified): 极端天气事件是不寻常、严重或非季节性的天气,超出了某地的历史天气分布。它们被定义为概率密度函数中最不寻常的10%。极端天气事件可能会对社区和生态系统造成破坏性影响,并导致经济成本、生命损失、干旱、洪水和山体滑坡。
Chinese (Traditional): 極端天氣事件是不尋常、嚴重或非季節性的天氣,超出了某地的歷史天氣分佈。它們被定義為概率密度函數中最不尋常的10%。極端天氣事件可能會對社區和生態系統造成破壞性影響,並導致經濟成本、生命損失、乾旱、洪水和山體滑坡。
Croatian: Ekstremni vremenski događaji su neobični, ozbiljni ili izvansezonski vremenski uvjeti koji izlaze iz povijesne raspodjele vremena određenog mjesta. Definiraju se kao oni koji se nalaze u 10% najneobičnijih funkcija gustoće vjerojatnosti. Ekstremni vremenski događaji mogu imati razorne učinke na zajednice, ekosustave i mogu uzrokovati ekonomske troškove, gubitak života, suše, poplave i klizišta.
Czech: Extrémní povětrnostní jevy jsou neobvyklé, závažné nebo mimosezónní povětrnostní podmínky, které vybočují z historického rozložení počasí dané lokality. Definují se jako nacházející se v 10% nejneobvyklejších funkcí hustoty pravděpodobnosti. Extrémní povětrnostní jevy mohou mít devastující dopady na komunity, ekosystémy a mohou způsobit ekonomické náklady, ztráty na životech, sucha, povodně a sesuvy půdy.
Danish: Ekstreme vejrhændelser er ualmindelige, alvorlige eller usædvanlige vejrforhold, der falder uden for et steds historiske vejrfordeling. De defineres som værende i de 10% mest usædvanlige af en sandsynlighedstæthedsfunktion. Ekstreme vejrhændelser kan have ødelæggende effekter på lokalsamfund, økosystemer og kan forårsage økonomiske omkostninger, tab af liv, tørke, oversvømmelser og jordskred.
Dutch: Extreme weersomstandigheden zijn ongewone, ernstige of buitenseizoenlijke weersomstandigheden die buiten de historische weerverdeling van een locatie vallen. Ze worden gedefinieerd als zich bevindend in de 10% meest ongewone van een kansdichtheidsfunctie. Extreme weersomstandigheden kunnen verwoestende gevolgen hebben voor gemeenschappen, ecosystemen en kunnen economische kosten, verlies van mensenlevens, droogte, overstromingen en aardverschuivingen veroorzaken.
Estonian: Ekstreemsed ilmastikuolud on ebatavalised, tõsised või ebahooajalised ilmastikuolud, mis jäävad välja asukoha ajaloolisest ilmajaotusest. Need määratletakse olevat kõige ebatavalisemate 10% tõenäosustiheduse funktsioonist. Ekstreemsed ilmastikuolud võivad avaldada hävitavat mõju kogukondadele, ökosüsteemidele ning põhjustada majanduslikke kulusid, inimelude kaotust, põuda, üleujutusi ja maalihkeid.
Filipino: Ang mga matinding pangyayari sa panahon ay hindi pangkaraniwang, malubha, o di-angkop na panahon na nasa labas ng kasaysayan ng pagkakahati-hati ng panahon ng isang lokasyon. Sila ay tinukoy na nasa pinakamataas na 10% ng isang density function ng probability. Ang mga matinding pangyayari sa panahon ay maaaring magkaroon ng nakamamatay na epekto sa mga komunidad, ekosistema, at maaaring magdulot ng ekonomikong gastos, pagkawala ng buhay, tagtuyot, baha, at mga landslide.
Finnish: Ääri-ilmiöt ovat epätavallisia, vakavia tai epätyypillisiä sääoloja, jotka poikkeavat tietyn paikan historiallisesta säänjakaumasta. Ne määritellään kuuluviksi todennäköisyystiheysfunktion 10% epätavanomaisimpaan osaan. Ääri-ilmiöt voivat olla tuhoisia yhteisöille ja ekosysteemeille sekä aiheuttaa taloudellisia kustannuksia, menetettyjä ihmishenkiä, kuivuutta, tulvia ja maanvyöryjä.
French: Les événements météorologiques extrêmes sont des conditions météorologiques inhabituelles, graves ou hors saison qui sortent de la distribution météorologique historique d'un emplacement. Ils sont définis comme se situant dans les 10% les plus inhabituels d'une fonction de densité de probabilité. Les événements météorologiques extrêmes peuvent avoir des effets dévastateurs sur les communautés, les écosystèmes et peuvent entraîner des coûts économiques, des pertes de vies humaines, des sécheresses, des inondations et des glissements de terrain.
Galician: Os fenómenos meteorolóxicos extremos son condicións climáticas inusuais, graves ou fóra de tempada que quedan fóra da distribución meteorolóxica histórica dunha localización. Defínense como estando no 10% máis inusual dunha función de densidade de probabilidade. Os fenómenos meteorolóxicos extremos poden ter efectos devastadores nas comunidades, os ecosistemas e poden causar custos económicos, perda de vidas, secas, inundacións e deslizamentos de terra.
German: Extreme Wetterereignisse sind ungewöhnliche, schwerwiegende oder untypische Wetterbedingungen, die außerhalb der historischen Wetterverteilung eines Standorts liegen. Sie werden als in den 10% ungewöhnlichsten einer Wahrscheinlichkeitsdichtefunktion befindlich definiert. Extreme Wetterereignisse können verheerende Auswirkungen auf Gemeinschaften, Ökosysteme haben und können zu wirtschaftlichen Kosten, Verlust von Menschenleben, Dürren, Überschwemmungen und Erdrutschen führen.
Greek: Τα ακραία καιρικά φαινόμενα είναι ασυνήθιστες, σοβαρές ή εκτός εποχής καιρικές συνθήκες που βρίσκονται εκτός της ιστορικής κατανομής καιρού μιας τοποθεσίας. Ορίζ
URL: https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/
The National Hurricane Center provides the latest information on tropical cyclones, including forecasts, advisories, and educational resources. The website offers a comprehensive overview of current and past hurricanes, as well as preparedness tips for individuals and communities.
URL: https://tornadoalley.com/
Tornado Alley is a website dedicated to providing information and resources about tornadoes. It features articles, videos, and interactive maps that help visitors understand the science behind tornadoes, their impact, and how to stay safe during a tornado event.
URL: https://www.ready.gov/floods
Flood Safety is a website created by the U.S. government to educate the public about flood risks and preparedness. It provides information on the different types of floods, how to create a flood plan, and what to do before, during, and after a flood event.
URL: https://wildfiretoday.com/
Wildfire Today is a website that covers news, analysis, and commentary on wildfires across the United States and around the world. It provides up-to-date information on current wildfires, as well as articles on wildfire management, prevention, and the impact of climate change on wildfire activity.
Drought.gov is a website that provides information and resources about droughts in the United States. It features drought maps, data, and tools to help visitors understand the current drought conditions, as well as the impacts of droughts on agriculture, water supply, and the environment.
URL: https://www.weather.gov/safety/heat
Heat Wave Safety is a website created by the National Weather Service to provide information and tips on staying safe during extreme heat events. It covers the signs and symptoms of heat-related illnesses, as well as strategies for preventing heat stress and staying cool during a heat wave.
URL: https://www.ready.gov/winter-weather
Blizzard Information is a website that provides resources and tips for preparing for and staying safe during winter storms and blizzards. It covers the different types of winter weather hazards, such as snow, ice, and extreme cold, and offers guidance on creating a winter weather plan and emergency kit.
URL: https://tsunami.gov/
The Tsunami Warning Center is a website that provides real-time information and alerts on tsunamis in the United States and around the world. It features tsunami maps, data, and educational resources to help visitors understand the science behind tsunamis and how to stay safe in the event of a tsunami warning.
URL: https://www.severe-weather.eu/
Severe Weather Europe is a website that covers severe weather events across Europe, including storms, tornadoes, and extreme temperatures. It provides forecasts, news, and analysis of severe weather events, as well as educational resources on weather phenomena and safety tips.
URL: https://extremeweatherwatch.com/
Extreme Weather Watch is a website that covers a wide range of extreme weather events from around the world, including hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, and droughts. It features news articles, videos, and interactive maps that help visitors stay informed about the latest extreme weather events and their impacts on communities and the environment.
Image of Extreme Climate Weather Events
URL: https://www.noaa.gov/weather
Description: NOAA provides comprehensive information on various extreme weather events, including hurricanes, tornadoes, and severe storms. The website offers forecasts, alerts, and educational resources.
URL: https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/
Description: The National Hurricane Center is the official source for hurricane forecasts, warnings, and advisories. It provides up-to-date information on current and potential hurricanes in the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific regions.
URL: https://www.spc.noaa.gov/
Description: The Storm Prediction Center focuses on severe thunderstorm and tornado forecasts. It issues watches, warnings, and outlooks for severe weather events across the United States.
URL: https://www.nssl.noaa.gov/
Description: The National Severe Storms Laboratory conducts research on severe weather events, including tornadoes, thunderstorms, and flash floods. It provides educational resources and information on the science behind these phenomena.
URL: https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/
Description: The U.S. Drought Monitor provides weekly updates on drought conditions across the United States. It offers maps, data, and impacts related to drought severity and extent.
Description: The National Interagency Fire Center is the nation's support center for wildland firefighting. It provides information on current wildfires, fire weather forecasts, and fire prevention resources.
URL: https://www.usgs.gov/natural-hazards
Description: The USGS Natural Hazards website provides information on various geologic hazards, including earthquakes, volcanoes, and landslides. It offers real-time monitoring, alerts, and educational resources.
Description: FEMA is responsible for coordinating the federal government's response to natural disasters. Its website provides information on disaster preparedness, response, and recovery resources.
URL: https://public.wmo.int/en
Description: The WMO is a specialized agency of the United Nations focused on weather, climate, and water. Its website provides global weather information, climate data, and resources on extreme weather events worldwide.
URL: https://www.ipcc.ch/
Description: The IPCC is the leading international body for assessing climate change. Its website provides comprehensive reports, assessments, and information on the scientific, technical, and socio-economic aspects of climate change, including extreme weather events.
### Definition and Types of Extreme Weather Events
Extreme weather includes unusual, severe, or unseasonal weather conditions. These can lead to significant disruption in human and natural systems, often resulting in considerable economic and environmental damages. Key types of extreme weather events include:
- **Hurricanes/Cyclones/Typhoons:** Powerful storms classified by intense winds, heavy rain, and storm surges.
- **Tornadoes:** Violently rotating columns of air touching the ground, typically very destructive.
- **Extreme Heatwaves:** Periods of abnormally hot weather which can lead to droughts.
- **Extreme Cold Waves:** Unusually cold weather that can cause frostbite, hypothermia, and impact agriculture.
- **Floods:** Overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry, often caused by excessive rain or overflow of rivers.
- **Blizzards:** Severe snowstorms with strong sustained winds.
- **Droughts:** Prolonged periods of deficient rainfall leading to water shortage.
### Causes of Extreme Weather
The causes of extreme weather are varied but are frequently linked to both natural and anthropogenic factors:
- **Natural Causes:**
- **Ocean currents**
- **Solar radiation**
- **Atmospheric conditions** (like El Niño and La Niña)
- **Anthropogenic Causes:**
- **Global warming:** An increase in Earth’s average surface temperature due to rising levels of greenhouse gases like CO2.
- **Urbanization:** Which can modify local climates, often making them more prone to extreme weather.
### Impacts of Extreme Weather
The effects of extreme weather are profound and multidimensional, affecting almost all facets of life:
- **Human Impact:**
- **Health:** Extreme weather can cause direct health issues like heatstroke or hypothermia, as well as indirect health problems caused by waterborne diseases and malnutrition.
- **Displacement:** Severe weather events frequently displace populations, leading to humanitarian crises and population migrations.
- **Economic Impact:**
- **Infrastructure Damage:** Costly damages to infrastructure including roads, bridges, and buildings.
- **Agricultural Losses:** Significant impacts on agriculture through loss of crops and livestock, affecting food supply and prices.
- **Environmental Impact:**
- **Biodiversity Loss:** Severe weather can devastate habitats and lead to loss of plant and animal life.
- **Soil Degradation:** Events like floods and droughts can lead to severe soil erosion and degradation.
### Responses to Extreme Weather Events
Responses to extreme weather events can be categorized into mitigation and adaptation strategies:
- **Mitigation:**
- **Emission Reduction:** Cutting down on greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate climate change.
- **Renewable Energy:** Investing in renewable energy sources to replace fossil fuels.
- **Adaptation:**
- **Infrastructure Resilience:** Enhancing the resilience of infrastructure to withstand extreme weather.
- **Early Warning Systems:** Developing and improving early warning systems to provide timely alerts before extreme weather hits.
- **Community Preparedness Programs:** Educating and preparing communities to handle emergency situations due to extreme weather.
### Conclusion
Extreme weather events pose one of the most potent threats to global stability in terms of environment, health, and economy. Understanding their causes, effects, and devising effective responses is essential for global sustainability. Continued research and investment in weather prediction technologies and infrastructure resilience are critical in managing the impacts of these potentially devastating events.
### References
- National Geographic. (n.d.). Extreme Weather. Retrieved from [National Geographic website]
- The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (n.d.). [IPCC Reports].
- United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). (n.d.). [OCHA publications].
(Note: The URLs and precise locations for the cited sources have been omitted and should be included based on specific guidelines provided for citations.)
This approach captures the essence and critical points about extreme weather events, outlining their significance and responses.
Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent and severe due to climate change. Here is a list of 40 common types of extreme weather events that are influenced by climate change:
1. **Heatwaves** - Prolonged periods of excessively hot weather.
2. **Droughts** - Extended periods of deficient rainfall leading to water shortages.
3. **Hurricanes** - Powerful tropical storms with strong winds and heavy rain.
4. **Typhoons** - Regional term for hurricanes in the Western Pacific.
5. **Cyclones** - Large scale air mass that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure.
6. **Tornadoes** - Violently rotating columns of air touching the ground, usually spawned by thunderstorms.
7. **Thunderstorms** - Storms characterized by the presence of lightning and thunder.
8. **Floods** - Overflowing of water onto land that is normally dry.
9. **Flash floods** - Rapid flooding of low-lying areas in less than six hours.
10. **River floods** - Overflowing of rivers due to excessive rain or snowmelt.
11. **Coastal flooding** - Flooding in coastal areas caused by sea surge or high tides.
12. **Storm surges** - Rise in sea level that occurs during tropical cyclones and severe storms.
13. **Blizzards** - Severe snowstorms with strong winds and intense snowfall.
14. **Ice storms** - Type of winter storm characterized by freezing rain.
15. **Hailstorms** - Storms that produce hailstones.
16. **Extreme cold waves** - Periods of unusually cold weather.
17. **Wildfires** - Large, destructive fires that spread rapidly over woodland or brush.
18. **Dust storms** - Severe windstorms that lift clouds of dust into the atmosphere.
19. **Sandstorms** - Similar to dust storms but occur in deserts and can carry sand.
20. **Glacial lake outburst floods** - Sudden releases of water from a glacial lake due to glacier retreat.
21. **Landslides** - Movement of rock, earth, or debris down a sloped section of land.
22. **Avalanches** - Rapid flow of snow down a sloping surface.
23. **Mudslides** - Flow of mud caused by a mixture of water and soil.
24. **Tsunamis** - Series of ocean waves caused by underwater earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides.
25. **El Niño and La Niña events** - Climate patterns that describe the unusual warming or cooling of the Pacific Ocean.
26. **Ocean acidification** - Decrease in pH of the Earth's oceans caused by uptake of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
27. **Coral bleaching** - Whitening of corals due to stress induced by warmer temperatures.
28. **Sea level rise** - Increase in the level of the world's oceans due to the melting of ice and expansion of seawater as it warms.
29. **Arctic amplification** - Rapid warming of the Arctic compared to the rest of the world.
30. **Permafrost thaw** - Thawing of frozen soil in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions.
31. **Heat islands** - Urban areas that are significantly warmer than their rural surroundings.
32. **Monsoon variability** - Changes in the pattern, intensity, and timing of monsoon rains.
33. **Atmospheric rivers** - Long, narrow regions in the atmosphere that transport most of the water vapor outside of the tropics.
34. **Polar vortex disruptions** - Events where the usual swirling of the polar vortex is disrupted, leading to cold outbreaks.
35. **Sudden stratospheric warming** - Rapid warming of the stratosphere that can influence winter weather in the Northern Hemisphere.
36. **Lightning increases** - More frequent lightning as a result of higher temperatures.
37. **Increased evaporation** - Higher rates of evaporation due to warmer temperatures.
38. **Decreased snow cover** - Reductions in the amount of snow cover due to warmer temperatures.
39. **Increased cloud cover** - Changes in cloud formation influenced by changes in atmospheric conditions.
40. **Changing wind patterns** - Alterations in wind patterns influenced by changes in the global climate system.
These events not only highlight the diverse impacts of climate change but also underscore the importance of mitigation and adaptation strategies to manage and reduce risks associated with extreme weather.
Here is a list of 25 clickable links related to extreme weather events:
1. https://www.noaa.gov/topics/climate-weather/extreme-events
2. https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-global-temperature
4. https://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/hazstats.shtml
5. https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-extreme-weather
6. https://www.who.int/health-topics/climate-change#tab=tab_1
7. https://www.un.org/en/observances/ending-extreme-poverty
8. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/disasterriskmanagement
9. https://www.redcross.org/about-us/our-work/disaster-relief.html
10. https://www.fema.gov/disaster/
11. https://www.cdc.gov/climateandhealth/effects/default.htm
12. https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/extreme-weather-climate-change
14. https://www.wri.org/insights/5-things-know-about-climate-change-and-extreme-weather
15. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/climate-at-a-glance/
16. https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/reports.shtml
17. https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/
18. https://www.climatecentral.org/gallery/graphics/the-top-global-weather-and-climate-events-of-2022
19. https://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/hazstats.shtml1.
20. https://www.ready.gov/be-informed
21. https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-global-temperature
22. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/
23. https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-weather-climate
24. https://www.who.int/health-topics/climate-change#tab=tab_1
25. https://www.un.org/en/observances/ending-extreme-poverty